INDIA is a land of
diverse ecology and its ecosystems include oceans, deserts, forests, mountains,
grasslands and wetlands. It has a land frontier of 15,200 km and a coastline of
7,517 km. This coastline is endowed with a wide range of sand dunes, mangroves,
coral reefs, sea grasses, salt marshes, mud flats, atomic minerals, estuaries,
lagoons and unique marine flora and fauna. The Environment (Protection) Act,
1986, was enacted to protect this diverse ecosystem from all kinds of predatory
activities. Special attention was given to the coastal ecosystem in which more
than 30 per cent of India’s population live. This was done through the
instrumentality of Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ). The first CRZ notification
was promulgated on February 19, 1991, by the Ministry of Environment and Forests
(MoEF).
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